that how can I inspect a crane for work and crane signals safety engineer will are selecting the crane for work when he inspect the crane after that work crane operator can start work . so that is safety engineer responsibilities to select good crane for work Crane Hazards and Safety
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What is Crane Hazards and Safety ?
Major Causes of Crane Accidents Crane Hazards
• Contact with power lines• Overturns
• Falls
• Mechanical failures
How Do Accidents Occur ?
Crane Hazard and Safety
•Instability – unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not level or too soft
•Lack of communication - the point of operation is a distance from the crane operator or not in full view of the operator
•Lack of training
•Inadequate maintenance or inspection
Who is at Risk?
Crane Hazard and Safety
•Operators
•Persons at
Crane Site
Definitions•Crane – Consists of a rotating structure for lifting and lowering horizontally on rubber tires or crawler treads
•Hoist - Used to lift and lower load.
•Boom – An inclined spar, strut, or other long member supporting the hoisting tackle
•Boom stops – A device used to limit the angle of the boom at its highest position
•Brake – To slow or stop motion by friction or power
•Block – Sheaves or grooved pulleys in a frame with hook, eye and strap
•Jib – Extension attached to the boom point to provide added boom length for lifting specified loads.
Crane Parts
Types of Cranes
•Mobile
•Hydraulic
•Overhead
•Gantry
•Tower
Crane Hazards
•Improper load rating
•Excessive speeds
•No hand signals
•Inadequate inspection and maintenance
•Unguarded parts
•Unguarded swing radius
•Working too close to power lines
•Improper exhaust system
•Shattered windows
•No steps/guardrails walkways
•No boom angle indicator
•Not using outriggers
Planning Before Start-Up
•Level the crane and ensure support surface is firm and able to support the load
•Contact power line owners and determine precautions. Know the location and voltage of overhead power lines.
•Know the basic crane capacities, limitations, and job site restrictions, such as the location of power lines, unstable soil, or high winds.
•Make other personnel aware of hoisting activities.
•Barricade areas within swing radius.
•Ensure proper maintenance and inspections.
•Determine safe areas to store materials and place machinery.
Competent PersonThe competent person must inspect all machinery and equipment prior to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in safe operating condition.
If it needs fixing, take it out of service and don’t use it until it is fixed
Load Capacity - Speed - Warnings
•Make sure the crane operator can see the:
Ø Rated Load Capacities
Ø Operating Speeds
Ø Special Hazard Warning or Instruction
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Know the Weight of the Load
•Refer to shipping ticket or other documentation
•Ensure lift calculations are correct
•Ensure load is within load chart rating for boom length and load radius of crane
•Crane is rated by the maximum weight it will lift at a minimum radius and minimum boom length – the further from its center point, the less it will lift
Load Limiting Factors
•Not level
•Wind
•Side loads
•On its wheels
•Lifting over the side
•Use of extensions, jibs and other attachments
•Limits of wire rope, slings and lifting devices
Mobile Cranes –
Lifting Principles
•Center of Gravity
•Leverage
•Stability
•Structural Integrity
Load Example –
30 ton crane
•Will lift 60,000 pounds at 10 feet from the center pin of the crane
•Based on level surface, no wind, and outriggers fully extended
•At 25 feet from the center pin with an 80 foot boom, the capacity is only 14,950 pounds
•At 74 feet from the center pin, the capacity is only 4,800 pounds
•
Improper Load
Power Lines
Stay clear
from power
STAY CLEAR
lines at
least 10 feet
Hand Signals
An illustration of
the signals
must be
posted at the
job site
Guard Moving Parts
Guard moving parts such as gears or belts
Swing Radius
Stay out of the swing radius of the crane – Make sure there are barrier guards showing swing radius
Operator Visibility
Make sure broken windows or other obstructions do not prevent the operator from seeing
Ladders
Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab
Guardrails
Runways and steps need to have guardrails,
handholds and slip resistant surfaces
Suspended Loads
Don’t stand under suspended loads
Boom Angle Indicator
A boom angle indicator must be on the crane
Supporting Surface
Cranes must be on a firm supporting surface and level within 1 percent
Sheaves
The grooves must be smooth and free from surface
defects which could cause rope damage
Rigging Equipment Slings
CHAIN WIRE ROPE METAL MESH SYNTHETIC
Types of slings include alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope, and synthetic web.
Annual Inspections
Inspection of the
hoisting
machinery must be
made by a competent
person
The employer must
maintain a record
of these inspections
What to Inspect
Correct air pressure and no leaks
•Tires properly inflated
•Clearance for tail swing
•Wire rope wear
•Physical damage to crane
•Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts
•Fluid leaks
Remove From Service
Immediately remove damaged or defective slings from service
Damaged wire rope
Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service
Worn Part
Tire Inspections
Training
•Operators:
Ømust qualify on
specific
crane type
ØMust include
on-the-job
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Training
•Operators:
must qualify on specific crane
Must include on-the-job training
Supervisor / competent person
Summary • An unstable load, lack of communication, lack of training, and inadequate maintenance or inspection are major contributors to crane accidents.
• Operators or others working in the area can be victims to “struck by" and "caught in" injuries.
• Contact with power lines causes many accidents.
• A competent person must inspect a crane regularly to insure it is in proper order.
• Planning and training reduces accidents.
Thank you reading this post Crane Hazards if you have any problem then contact us
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