Safety And Health Management The Basics in this post we will train you as a safety manger that is the first step that is called Safety And Health Management The Basics . duration of this course is only 4 hour if you understand english bitter then you can less your training time so lets start goals of safety
Introduction to the seven elements of effective
Safety And Health Management The Basics
Goals
Gain a greater understanding of safety management systems.
Be familiar with OR-OSHA’s seven core elements of a safety
management system.
Be able to discuss the key processes within each of the seven
core elements.
Trainer
Introduction Page
Form Groups
Introductions
Elect a chairperson
Select a spokesperson
Name your corporation
What's Inside
The OR-OSHA
Safety and Health Program Model
Management Commitment
Accountability
Employee Involvement
Hazard Identification & Control
Incident/Accident Analysis
Training
Program Evaluation
The basics: What’s
a safety and health management system?
What is the difference between a “program” and a “system”?
A program is independent
A system is interdependent
Every system contains structure, inputs, processes and outputs
Inputs
Tools Equipment
Machinery Materials
Facilities People
Time Money
The goal is to have the highest quality inputs as
possible.
Management commitment is measured, in part, by the quality of
inputs to the system.
Processes
Commitment - leading, managing, planning, funding
Accountability - responsibility, discipline
Involvement - safety committees, suggestions
Hazard Identification & Control - inspection, observation
Education and Training - OJT, employees, supervisors
Incident/Accident Analysis - determine root causes
Program Evaluation - system design and performance
Safety is one aspect of process quality.
Outputs -
Conditions,
Behaviors,
Results
Safe/Unsafe conditions, behaviors
Many/Few incidents and accidents
High/Low accident costs
High/Low productivity, morale, trust
What does this statement mean?
“Every
system is designed
perfectly
to
produce what it produces”
Which of the outputs most directly indicates the effectiveness of
the safety management system?
Proactive
Vs. Reactive Safety & Health Management
What's
proactive safety? What's
reactive safety?
What
programs are emphasized?
ELEMENT 1 –
TOP
MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of employment. Every employer should…
furnish employment and a place of employment which are safe and
healthful for employees therein, and should furnish and use such devices
and safeguards, and
adopt and use such practices, means, methods, operations and
processes as are
reasonably necessary to render such employment and place of employment safe and
healthful, and
do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety and health of such employees.
What is Top Management Commitment?
T M C Expression of leadership
What motivates management to make a commitment to safety?
Social obligation
Fiscal obligation
Legal obligation
How can you tell which obligation is driving decisions about
safety?
Commitment will shape a tough-caring safety culture
Negative Reinforcement
Negative reinforcement exists when the perceived natural and
system consequences are considered undesirable or some kind of punishment.
Extinction
Withholding positive reinforcement results in the extinction of
desired behaviors.
Accidents can sink the ship!
Ratio of Indirect to Direct Accident Costs
Workers'
Compensation Made Simple
How are rates determined?
Manual Rating - Also called
the “Pure Premium Rate,” this rate is applied to all industries of the same
type or standard industrial classification (SIC). Expressed as:
Dollars per $100 dollars of payroll
Example: $3.15 per $100 dollars of payroll.
Experience Rating - used to vary
the company’s own rates, depending on its experience by comparing actual losses
with expected losses.
Duty to comply with safety and health orders, decisions and rules. Every employer, owner, employee and
other person should
obey and comply with every requirement of every order,
decision, direction, standard, rule or regulation …
do everything necessary or proper in order to secure compliance with and observance of every such
order, decision, direction, standard, rule or regulation.
Rules for all Workplaces
Employers’ Responsibilities.
The employer should see that workers are properly instructed and supervised in the safe
operation of any machinery, tools, equipment,
process, or practice which they are authorized to use or apply.
The employer should take all reasonable
means to require employees to…
According to the rules above, what is the employer required to
do?
Accountability. The safety
committee should evaluate the employer’s accountability system and make
recommendations to implement supervisor and employee accountability for safety
and health.
Formal standards and expectations performance
Why is it so important to write formal plans, policies,
procedures and rules?
Why is it important to discuss why policies, procedures and rules are
needed?
Resources to meet/exceed expectations
Physical Resources
Social Support
If management fails to provide adequate resources and support,
how does that affect the ability to hold employees accountable?
A process to evaluate behaviors
Why is this statement true?
“When an
employee is disciplined, the fact that there was an accident is irrelevant.”
Effective consequences
Why does discipline need to be progressively more significant to
be effective?
Appropriate application of consequences
Have I ensured the employee is ____________?
Have I made sure the employee has _______________?
Have I effectively ______________safety rules?
Have I provided adequate _______________?
Have I demonstrated personal _________________?
Evaluation of the accountability system
Process for evaluating the accountability system
Identify
Analyze
Evaluate
ELEMENT 3 -
EMPLOYEE
INVOLVEMENT
What does an effective safety suggestion program look like?
What can we do to increase involvement in safety?
What's wrong with this safety incentive program policy?
"Every
employee who works accident-free for a year will receive a $1,000 bonus on
December 15th!"
What's being rewarded?
What is management's message?
How do we fix this?
To be effective, recognition should be …
soon- after the behavior occurs.
sure- the employee knows exactly why he or she is being
recognized.
Significant!
The importance of the consequence is determined by the receiver.
Simple!
genuine approval for the right reasons.
Sincere!
genuine approval for the right reasons.
If you build it, they will come
Incentive and Recognition Program Evaluation Checklist:
Take Home Exercise
ELEMENT 4 –
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL
Hazard assessment and control.
The safety committee should assist the employer in evaluating
the employer's accident and illness prevention program, and should make written
recommendations to improve the program where applicable…
A workplace hazard is an unsafe condition or practice that could
cause an injury or illness to an employee.
What are the four categories of hazards in the workplace?
Conditions account for __3___ % of all workplace accidents.
Behaviors account for _95____ % of all workplace accidents.
Uncontrollable acts account for __2__ % of all workplace
accidents.
Conclusion: The safety management system contributes to
some degree to _98____ % of the causes for all accidents in the workplace!
Hazard Categories
Acceleration.
Vibration/Noise.
Toxics.
Radiation.
Ergonomics.
Pressure.
Mechanical.
Heat/Temperature.
Flammability/Fire.
Explosives.
Electrical contact.
Chemical reactions.
Biologicals.
Workplace Violence
Four important processes to identify hazards
Walkaround Inspections
How to develop an effective inspection checklist.
Determine applicable state safety & health rules for the
workplace.
Review rules and use those you feel apply to your
workplace.
Develop applicable checklist questions that are not addressed in
the rules.
Who should be involved in the walkaround inspection?
Informal and Formal Observation
Informal observations are conducted daily
Formal strategies include assigned observers
The Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
The process...
Provides the supervisor with a clear understanding of what the
employee does and does not know about the task.
Recognizes needed changes in the equipment or procedures
Provides a way to increase employee involvement
·
Incident/Accident Analysis
All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no matter how
minor should be analyzed. Incident analysis allows you to identify and
control hazards before they cause an injury. It’s always smart business
to carefully analyze non-injury incidents.
All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no matter how
minor should be analyzed. Incident analysis allows you to identify and
control hazards before they cause an injury. It’s always smart business
to carefully analyze non-injury incidents.
What is the purpose of the incident/accident analysis?
Controlling the Hazards You Identify
Extraordinary Hazards.
When conditions arise that cause unusual or extraordinary
hazards to workers, additional means and precautions should be taken to protect
workers or to control hazardous exposure. If the operation cannot be made
reasonably safe, regular work should be discontinued while such abnormal
conditions exist, or until adequate safety of workers is ensured.
ELEMENT 5 -
INCIDENT/ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
Investigation of injuries.
Each employer should investigate or cause to be investigated every lost-time injury that workers suffer in connection with
their employment, to determine the means that should be taken to prevent
recurrence.
The employer should promptly
install any safeguard to take any corrective measure indicated or found advisable.
What’s a “lost time injury”?
An injury that entitles the worker to compensation for
disability or death.
To fall into this category the employee must miss three
consecutive calendar days beginning with the day the worker first loses time or
wages from work as a result of the compensable injury.
This includes weekends and holidays when they might normally be
off.
Should we just investigate lost-time injuries? Why?
Why are we more likely to have an accident after repeatedly
being exposed to a hazard?
What are the odds, you’ll have an accident?
Source: Frank Bird 1969 Ratio Study based on 1,753,498 incidents
reported by 297 companies, in 21 industry groups and 1,750,000 employees
investigation vs. analysis
What is the difference?
Employer. However, according to best management practices,
the employer is most effective when the accident analysis process primarily to
analyze what happened, and
evaluate the degree to which system design and performance
factors contributed to the conditions/behaviors that caused the accident
Therefore, employers should analyze primarily to fix the
_________system_________
Plan the work: Work the plan
Write a clear policy statement
Identify those authorized to notify outside agencies
Designate those responsible to investigate
Detail training for accident investigators
Establish timetables for conducting the investigation and taking
corrective action
Identify those who will receive the report and take corrective
action.
Why is it important to have a written incident/accident analysis
plan?
Inspect to identify potential accidents
Struck-by
Struck-against
Contact-by
Contact-with
Caught-on
Caught-in
Caught-between
Fall-To-surface
Fall-To-below
Over-exertion
Bodily reaction
Over-exposure
Also Read These Program
Surface Causes of the Accident
Specific/unique hazardous conditions and/or unsafe actions
Directly produce or contribute to the accident
They may exist/occur at any time and anywhere and involve anyone.
If you're pointing at person or thing, it's probably a surface
cause.
Root Causes of the Accident
Performance weaknesses - General
failure to effectively carry out safety policies, programs, plans, processes,
procedures, practices
Program design weaknesses - Failure to
effectively develop safety policies, programs, plans, processes, procedures,
practices
Result in common or repeated hazardous conditions and
unsafe/inappropriate performance
If you're pointing a group or a written plan, policy, procedure,
it's probably a root cause.
The six-step process
Step 1. Secure the
accident scene
Step 2. Collect
facts about what happened
Step 3. Develop the
sequence of events
Step 4. Determine
the causes
Step 5. Recommend
improvements
Step 6. Write the
report
Three phases of analysis
Injury analysis
Event analysis
Systems analysis
Education tells
Why
Training shows How
Experience may improve skills
Accountability
may sustain behavior
How do you know safety training is effective?
Why are improved skills and sustained behavior not guaranteed by
effective safety training
Two Types of Safety Education
Type One: General Instruction
General/Specific information and instruction
Knowledge and skills are not measured at the end of training
Write goals for students. Instructional objectives are not
required
All you have to do is attend to get a certificate
Measurement focuses on student's reaction to the training
session rather than learning
Measurement tools include - "smile sheet" evaluation
forms
Type Two: Technical Safety Training
Describes general/specific policies, procedures, practices
Write goals and operational objectives for students.
Knowledge and skills are measured immediately after training in
the learning environment.
You have to "pass the test" in class to get a
certificate.
Measurement tools - oral/written exam, skill demonstration.
This type is required for most safety training!
The basic steps in OJT
Step 1. Introduction.
Step 2. Trainer show and tell
Step 3. Trainer ask and show
Step 4. Trainee tell and show
Step 5. Conclusion
Step 6. Document
Step 7. Validate
ELEMENT 7 -
PLAN
EVALUATION
Hazard assessment and control.
The safety committee should assist the employer in evaluating
the employer's accident and illness prevention program, and should make written
recommendations to improve the program where applicable
What is the purpose of writing recommendations?
Successful change requires effective design and implementation
That's it!
Before you run, time to review!
Thanks for
coming and be careful!
Safety And
Health Management The Basics in this post we will train you
as a safety manger that is the first
step that is called Safety And Health Management The Basics .
duration of this course is only 4 hour if you understand english bitter then
you can less your training time so lets start goals of safety
Safety And
Health Management The Basics
Safety And Health Management The Basics
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