Introduction to the seven elements of effective Health and Safety Manager in
this post we will discuss with you about safety manger that what is the responsibilities
of safety manger we divide this course in
to different element in this post we are discussing with you.
Introduction to the seven elements of effective
Health and safety manager Management – The Basics
Goals
1. Gain a
greater understanding of safety management systems.
Safety manager
Safety manager
2. Be
familiar with OR-OSHA’s seven core elements of a safety management system.
3. Be able
to discuss the key processes within each of the seven core elements.
Health and Safety Manager
Trainer
Introduction Page
Form Groups
Introductions
Elect a chairperson
Select a spokesperson
Name your corporation
What's Inside
The OR-PKOSHA Safety
and Health Program Model
1. Management Commitment
2. Accountability
3. Employee Involvement
4. Hazard Identification & Control
5.
Incident/Accident Analysis
6. Training
7. Program Evaluation Safety manager
The basics: What’s a safety and health management
system?
What is the difference between a “program” and a
“system”?
A program is independent
A system is interdependent
Every system contains structure, inputs, processes and outputs
Inputs
Tools Equipment
Machinery Materials
Facilities People
Time Money
The goal is to have the highest quality inputs as possible.
Management commitment is measured, in part, by the quality of inputs to
the system.
Processes
Commitment - leading, managing, planning, funding
Accountability - responsibility, discipline
Involvement - safety committees, suggestions
Hazard Identification & Control - inspection, observation
Education and Training - OJT, employees, supervisors
Incident/Accident Analysis - determine root causes
Program Evaluation - system design and performance
Safety is one aspect of process quality.
Outputs -
Conditions,
Behaviors,
Results
Safe/Unsafe conditions, behaviors
Many/Few incidents and accidents
High/Low accident costs
High/Low productivity, morale, trust
What does this statement mean?
“Every system is designed perfectly to produce what
it produces”
Which of the outputs most directly indicates the effectiveness of the
safety management system?
Proactive Vs.
Reactive Safety & Health Management
What's proactive
safety? What's
reactive safety?
What programs
are emphasized?
ELEMENT 1 –
TOP MANAGEMENT
COMMITMENT
health and
safety manager
ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of employment. Every
employer should…
furnish employment and a place of employment which are safe and
healthful for employees therein, and should furnish and use such
devices and safeguards, and
adopt and use such practices, means, methods, operations and processes as
are reasonably necessary to render such employment and place of employment safe
and healthful, and
do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety
and health of such employees.
What is Top Management Commitment?
T M C Expression of
leadership
What motivates management to make a commitment to safety?
Social obligation
health and safety manager
Fiscal obligation
Legal obligation
How can you tell which obligation is driving decisions about safety?
Commitment will shape a tough-caring safety culture
Negative Reinforcement
Negative reinforcement exists when the perceived natural and system
consequences are considered undesirable or some kind of punishment.
Extinction
Withholding positive reinforcement results in the extinction of desired
behaviors.
Accidents can sink the ship!
Ratio of Indirect to Direct Accident CostsWorkers' Compensation Made
Simple
How are rates determined?
Manual Rating - Also called the “Pure Premium Rate,” this rate is
applied to all industries of the same type or standard industrial
classification (SIC). Expressed as:
Dollars per $100 dollars of payroll
Example: $3.15 per $100 dollars of payroll.
Experience Rating - used to vary the company’s own rates,
depending on its experience by comparing actual losses with expected losses.
Duty to comply with safety and health orders, decisions and rules. Every
employer, owner, employee and other person should
obey and comply with every requirement of every order,
decision, direction, standard, rule or regulation …
do everything necessary or proper in order to secure compliance with
and observance of every such order, decision, direction, standard, rule or
regulation.
health and
safety manager
Rules for all Workplaces
Employers’ Responsibilities.
The employer should see that workers are properly instructed and supervised in
the safe
operation of any machinery,
tools, equipment, process, or practice which they are authorized to
use or apply.
The employer should take all reasonable means to require employees
to…
According to the rules above, what is the employer required to do?
Where's the "average"?
The safety committee should evaluate the
employer’s accountability system and make recommendations to implement
supervisor and employee accountability for safety and health.
· Formal
standards and expectations performance
Why is it so important to write formal
plans, policies, procedures and rules?
Why is it important to discuss why policies,
procedures and rules are needed?
·
Resources to meet/exceed expectations
· Physical
Resources
·
Social Support
If management fails to provide adequate
resources and support, how does that affect the ability to hold employees
accountable?
A process
to evaluate behaviors
Why is this statement true?
“When an
employee is disciplined, the fact that there was an accident is irrelevant.”
Effective
consequences
Why does discipline need to be progressively
more significant to be effective?
· Appropriate
application of consequences
· Have I ensured the employee is ____________?
· Have I made sure the employee has _______________?
· Have I effectively
______________safety rules?
· Have I provided adequate _______________?
· Have I demonstrated personal _________________?
·Evaluation of the
accountability system
Process for evaluating the accountability system
·
Identify
·
Analyze
·
Evaluate
ELEMENT 3 -EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
WHAt does an effective safety suggestion program look like?
What can we do to increase involvement in
safety?
What's wrong with this safety incentive
program policy
"Every employee who works accident-free
for a year will receive a $1,000 bonus on December 15th!"
What's being rewarded?
what is management's message?
How do we fix this?
To be effective, recognition should be …
soon- after the behavior occurs.
sure- the employee knows exactly why he or
she is being recognized.
Significant!
- The importance of the consequence is
determined by the receiver.
Simple!
- genuine approval for the right
reasons.
Sincere!
genuine approval for the right
reasons.
If you build it, they will come
Incentive and Recognition Program Evaluation
Checklist: Take Home Exercise
Health and Safety Manager
ELEMENT 4 –
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
AND CONTROL
Hazard assessment and control.
The safety committee should assist the
employer in evaluating the employer's accident and illness prevention program,
and should make written recommendations to improve the program where
applicable…
A workplace hazard is an unsafe condition or
practice that could cause an injury or illness to an employee.
What are the four categories of hazards in the
workplace?
·
Conditions account
for __3___ % of all workplace accidents.
· ·
Behaviors account for _95____ % of all
workplace accidents.
·
Uncontrollable acts account for __2__
% of all workplace accidents.
·
Conclusion: The safety management
system contributes to some degree to _98____ % of the causes for all accidents
in the workplace!
·
Hazard Categories
·
Acceleration.
·
Vibration/Noise.
·
Toxics.
·
Radiation.
·
Ergonomics.
·
Pressure.
·
Mechanical.
·
Heat/Temperature.
·
Flammability/Fire.
·
Explosives.
·
Electrical contact.
·
Chemical reactions.
·
Biologicals.
·
Workplace Violence
·
Four important processes to identify hazards
·
Walkaround Inspections
·
How to develop an effective inspection
checklist.
·
Determine applicable state safety &
health rules for the workplace.
·
Review rules and use those you feel apply to
your workplace.
·
Develop applicable checklist questions that
are not addressed in the rules.
·
Who should be involved in the walkaround
inspection?
2. Informal and Formal Observation
Informal observations are conducted daily
Formal strategies include assigned observers
3 .The Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
The process...
Provides the supervisor with a clear
understanding of what the employee does and does not know about the task.
Recognizes needed changes in the equipment
or procedures
Provides a way to increase employee
involvement
o Also Read These Program
·
4. Incident/Accident Analysis
All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no matter how minor
should be analyzed. Incident analysis allows you to identify and control
hazards before they cause an injury. It’s always smart business to
carefully analyze non-injury incidents.
All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no matter how minor
should be analyzed. Incident analysis allows you to identify and control
hazards before they cause an injury. It’s always smart business to
carefully analyze non-injury incidents.
What is the purpose of the incident/accident analysis?
Controlling the Hazards You Identify
Extraordinary Hazards.
When conditions arise that cause unusual or
extraordinary hazards to workers, additional means and precautions should be
taken to protect workers or to control hazardous exposure. If the operation cannot be made reasonably
safe, regular work should be discontinued while such abnormal conditions exist,
or until adequate safety of workers is ensured.
ELEMENT 5 -
INCIDENT/ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
Investigation of injuries.
Each employer should investigate or cause to
be investigated every lost-time injury that workers suffer in
connection with their employment, to determine the means that should be taken
to prevent recurrence.
The employer should promptly install
any safeguard to take any corrective measure indicated or found advisable.
What’s a “lost time injury”?
An injury that entitles the worker to
compensation for disability or death.
To fall into this category the employee must
miss three consecutive calendar days beginning with the day the worker
first loses time or wages from work as a result of the compensable injury.
This includes weekends and holidays when
they might normally be off.
Should we just investigate lost-time
injuries? Why?
Why are we more likely to have an accident
after repeatedly being exposed to a hazard?
What are the odds, you’ll have an accident?
Source: Frank Bird 1969 Ratio Study based on
1,753,498 incidents reported by 297 companies, in 21 industry groups and
1,750,000 employees
ELEMENT 6
investigation vs. analysis
What is the difference?
Employer. However, according to best management practices,the
employer is most effective when the accident analysis process primarily to analyze what
happened, and
evaluate the degree to which system design and performance factors
contributed to the conditions/behaviors that caused the accident
Therefore, employers should analyze primarily to fix the
_________system_________
Plan the work: Work the plan
Write a clear
policy statement
Identify those authorized to notify outside agencies
Designate those responsible to investigat
Detail training for accident investigators
Establish timetables for conducting the investigation and
taking corrective action
Identify those who will receive the report and take corrective action.
Why is it important to have a written incident/accident analysis plan?
Inspect to identify potential accidents
o Also Read These Program
Struck-against
Contact-by
Contact-with
Caught-on
Caught-in
Caught-between
Fall-To-surface
Fall-To-below
Over-exertion
Bodily reaction
Over-exposure
Surface Causes of the Accident
· Specific/unique hazardous
conditions and/or unsafe actions
Direly produce or contribute to the accident
They may exist/occur at any time and
anywhere and involve anyone.
If you're pointing at person or thing,
it's probably a surface cause.
Root Causes of the Accident
Performance weaknesses - General
failure to effectively carry out safety policies, programs, plans, processes,
procedures, practices
·Program design weaknesses - Failure to
effectively develop safety policies, programs, plans, processes, procedures,
practices
Result in common or repeated hazardous
conditions and unsafe/inappropriate performance
If you're pointing a
group or a written plan, policy, procedure, it's probably a root cause.
The six-step process
Step 1. Secure the accident scene
Step 2. Collect facts about what happened
Step 3. Develop the sequence of events
Step 4. Determine the causes
Step 5. Recommend improvements
Step 6. Write the report
Three phases of analysiS
Injury analysis
Event analysiS
Systems analysis
Education tells Why
Training shows How
Experience may improve skills
Accountability may sustain behavior
How do you know safety training is effective?
Why are improved skills and sustained
behavior not guaranteed by effective safety training
Two Types of Safety Education
Type One: General Instruction
· General/Specific information
and instruction
· Knowledge and skills are not
measured at the end of training
· Write goals for students.
Instructional objectives are not required
All you have to do is attend to get a
certificate
· Measurement focuses on student's
reaction to the training session rather than learning
· Measurement tools include -
"smile sheet" evaluation forms
Type Two: Technical Safety Training
· Describes general/specific policies,
procedures, practices
·Write goals and operational objectives for
students.
· Knowledge and skills are measured
immediately after training in the learning environment.
You have to "pass the test"
in class to get a certificat
Measurement tools - oral/written
exam, skill demonstration.
This type is required for most
safety training!
The basic steps in OJT
Step 1. Introduction.
Step 2. Trainer show and tell
Step 3. Trainer ask and show
Step 4. Trainee tell and show
Step 5. Conclusion
Step 6. Document
Step 7. Validate
ELEMENT 7 -
PLAN EVALUATION
Hazard
assessment and control.
The safety committee should
assist the employer in evaluating the employer's accident and illness
prevention program, and should make written recommendations to improve the
program where applicable
What is the purpose of writing recommendations?
Successful change requires
effective design and implementation
That's it!
Before you run, time to
review!
Thanks for coming
and be careful!
and be careful!
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