Supervisor Safety
Course supervisors & Managers have the front-line responsibility to protect
workers and keep the workplace safe in this post we are guiding you from full supervisor
safety course.
Supervisor Safety Course
Agenda
- Supervisor Challenges
- Hazard Identification
- Incident Investigation
- Additional Resources
- Supervisor Safety Course
Hazards
- What has been the hardest challenge you have had to overcome?
-
What could be the hardest challenge you
will have to overcome? - Supervisor Safety Course
- Challenges
- Attitudes
- Communication
- Competing Priorities
- Employee Buy-In
- Creating Safety Awareness Supervisor Safety Course
Attitudes
•
It won’t happen to me!
•
I’ve been doing this job for 15 years…
•
I’m CAREFUL!
•
I don’t want to get (someone) in trouble!
BETARI
BOX MODEL
What’s Your
Excuse?
Address
Unsafe Work Practices
- Get it done
- Undiscussed incompetence - unsafe practices that stem from skill deficits that can’t be discussed
- Just this once - unsafe practices that are justified because they are exceptions to the rule
- This is overboard - unsafe practices that bypass precautions management or workers consider excessive
- Are you a team player? - unsafe practices that are justified for the good of the team, company or customer
Communication
Principles of Health & Safety
Communication
•
Address communication barriers
•
Effective communication increases motivation
•
The more people a “communication” goes through,
the more distorted it becomes
Supervisor Safety Course Time Management
Employee
Buy-In
How to get employees engaged in your workplace
safety message:
•
Watching it (training videos)
•
Hearing it (discussion and feedback on safety
issues)
issues)
• Reading it (posters, email newsletter)
Employee Buy-In
Employee Involvement – Why?
•
Provides the means for everyone to develop and express
their own commitment to safety and health
•
Involves the persons most in contact with
potential safety and health hazards
•
Utilizes everyone’s wide range of experience
Everyone is more likely to
support and use programs in which they have input
Employee
Involvement - How?
How do you get employees involved in the
safety and health process at your workplace?
Key question:
What is keeping employees from participating
in the safety and health process?
Potential
Ways to Get Employee Involvement
•
Recognition for Achieving Goals (individual
and/or facility)
•
Safety Events
•
Discussion of and feedback on safety issues
•
Questionnaires/Suggestion Boxes
•
Build safety into your facility’s communications
•
Protect employees’ voices
•
Give employees something meaningful to do
•
Show results
•
Provide positive consequences
•
Make people aware of their impact on safety
Promotion
RECOGNITION:
•
Awards for Achieving Goals
•
Participation in JSAs
SAFETY
PROMOTION:
•
Safety Days, Picnics & Contests
•
Publications (newsletters, posters, bulletin
board notices, etc.)
•
Training (videos/fact sheets)
EMPLOYEE
INVOLVEMENT:
•
Committee Updates
•
Questionnaires/Suggestion Box
Safety Excellence
•
Beyond Compliance…
•
Achieving Safety Excellence
•
Safety Excellence
•
What is “Safety Excellence”
•
Safety means prevention of injury or loss
•
Excellence means superiority
•
Why Move to Safety Excellence?
•
An average of 4,713 people annually are killed
on the job over the past 4 years.^
•
Over 250,000 productive years of life lost
annually – more than from cancer and cardiovascular disease combined
^ According
to the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Statistics
- 2008 – 5,214 on the job fatalities
- 2009 – 4,340 on the job fatalities
- 2010 – 4,690 on the job fatalities
- 2011 – 4,609 on the job fatalities
According to
the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Compliance
ü Why
not be satisfied with compliance?
ü Won’t
it get the job done?
ü What
more do we need?
There are still too many incidents in
the
workplace costing too many lives
The traditional compliance-based
approach
doesn’t seem to be doing the job
WHY NOT?????
Is it the
safety program?
or
Is it the
management system driving
the
organization’s behavior?
It
is the culture
Ø Culture
is the major determinant in the behavior of an organization and it’s people
Ø Implementing
a behavior-based safety process without a solid cultural foundation to support
it is cause of most behavior-based safety failures
culture
Ø Culture
determines behavior,
Ø both
social and organizational
It is the culture
Culture
Study
Space
Shuttle Challenger
Space
Shuttle Columbia
Three Mile
Island
Chernobyl
Deepwater
Horizon Oil Spill
•
The Common threads that emerge from these
accidents identify cultural elements that allowed them to happen
•
Do any of these common threads exist in your
workplace?
Shuttle Culture Study
•
Unclear who was responsible for what
•
Rigid communication channels
•
Decision-makers too distant from the field
•
Mindset that success is routine, fortifying a
belief that everything is ok, “we’re in good shape”
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Excerpts
from Tangled Oily Mess by Mark Pynes, published June 20, 2010, in The
Sunday Patriot-News, Harrisburg, PA
“ …
The six-member panel of Coast Guard and
Minerals and Management Services officials pressed for answers about what
occurred on the rig on April 20 before it exploded. They wanted to know who was in charge, and
heard conflicting answers.
They pushed for more insight into an
argument on the rig that day between a manager for BP, the well’s owner, and
one for Transocean, the rig’s owner, and asked Curt R. Kuchta, the rig’s
captain, how the crew knew who was in charge.”
Shuttle Culture Study
•
Safety is not a priority – it is a corporate
value
•
All levels of management accountable
•
Safety performance measured & tied to
compensation / incentives
•
Safety integrated into all operations
•
Safety resources and techniques were available
but not used
•
There was undefined responsibility, authority,
and accountability for safety
Why is Culture Important?
•
It is an
atmosphere we work in that
shapes our behavior
shapes our behavior
•
Unwritten rules that define what’s really
important in an organization
•
Invisible force that largely dictates the
behavior of employees & management
behavior of employees & management
Deepwater Horizon Oil
Spill
•
Tangled, oily mess continued:
’It’s pretty
well understood amongst the crew who’s in charge,’ he said
•
‘How do
they know that?’ a Coast Guard investigator asked.
•
‘I
guess, I don’t know,’ Kuchta said. ‘But it’s pretty well – everyone knows.’”
•
…
•
“Amid
this tangle of overlapping authority and competing interests, no one was solely
responsible for ensuring the rig’s safety, and communication was a
constant challenge.”
Deepwater Horizon Oil
Spill
Taken from Tangled, oily mess
“… a hodgepodge of oversight agencies
granted exceptions to rules, allowed risks to accumulate and made a disaster
more likely on the rig, particularly with a mix of different companies
operating on the Deepwater whose interests were not always in sync.…
… As early as June 2009, BP engineers
had expressed concerns in internal documents about using certain casings for
the well because they violated the company’s safety and design guidelines. But they proceeded with those casings.”
Culture Study
Would you
agree that what was true of the NASA culture study of 1991 wouldalso be true of
a study of this oil spill in2010?All of us need to do better - NOW
Employee
Perception Survey
•
“Perceptions are reality”
•
The ultimate “customer” of safety, is the
employee
•
Measures differences in the way employees &
management think about safety
•
Gaps in perceptions provide starting point for
improving safety culture
•
Employee Perception Survey
•
Notice to Participants: This is a confidential survey. Please do not put your name on the
form. Please answer each question by
circling the most accurate answer using a scale of 1 to 5.
Reactive vs. Proactive
•
The difference between
•
being
Reactive vs. Proactive
•
Safety is a separate “add-on” program
•
Safety committee members are policemen
•
Safety generally viewed as negative by
employees
•
Accidents are believed to be caused by
careless employees & are unavoidable
•
Focus on OSHA compliance
•
Safety is dictated
down to employees |
•
Safety is integrated into all operations
•
Safety committee members are resources &
advisors
•
Safety viewed as positive
•
Accidents are seen as defects in the system
& can be prevented by fixing the system
•
Focus on continuous improvement
•
Employees are empowered & involved
in the process
|
Supervisor Safety Course
What Ails Us?
Symptoms
•
Coughing
•
Pale Skin
•
Constricted pupils
•
Pain
•
Deformity
•
Nausea/vomiting
Signs
•
Elevated temperature
•
High/low blood sugar
•
Rapid pulse
•
Shallow respiration
What Ails An Organization
Symptoms
•
Uncorrected hazards
•
Low employee involvement
•
Fear
•
Lack of feedback
•
Poor safety practices
•
Near-misses
•
Leaders not walking the talk
Signs
•
High incident rates
•
High frequency rates
•
Low safety audit scores
•
Increased cost per employee work-hour
First Thing First
•
You have to know where you are
•
before you can plot a course for
•
improvement
Where are you?
3 Steps to a REAL Safety
Culture
•
To get there you must take AIM
ü Assess
your current culture
ü Implement
changes
ü Maintain
the culture change
Safety Inspections
Inspection vs. Audit
Are you AUDITING or INSPECTING?
•
Safety Inspections examines physical facilities
– looking
for unsafe conditions, safe behavior, housekeeping responsibilities….
•
Safety Audits examines procedures & policies
Research
•
Identify incident potential through research
o Look
at workplace layout
o Look
at all operations
o Consider
standards, policies and procedures
o Analyze
past losses and trends
o Understand
the safety concerns of employees
Organize
•
Inspection objective and procedure
•
Use a checklist for a guide
•
List potential hazards
•
Locate hazards in the work area
•
Check your list with employees
•
Update your list with new items
•
Equipment and tools
•
Work environment
•
Work practices and procedures
•
Employees
•
Behaviors (at risk or unsafe)
•
System/equipment
•
Process/procedure
•
Safety training
•
Personal/stress
Analyze
•
Address systems not just symptoms
•
Determine if there are any system failures
•
Look for causes or potentials for injury
•
Job Hazard Analysis
Record
•
Observations
- Do not include names
•
Causes/potentials
•
Solutions
•
Distribute and post
•
Add to your minutes
Follow Up
•
Develop practical effective solutions
•
Hierarchy of controls
•
Develop an action plan
•
Determine immediacy of solution
•
Implement
•
Act on solutions and follow up to ensure
effectiveness
Individual(s) conducting
the inspection:
•
Experienced with the facility & operation
•
Knowledgeable of relevant regulations, codes
& company policies
•
Competent of the inspection steps
•
Capable of collecting, evaluating &
reporting the data
Individual(s) conducting the
inspection:
•
Must be equipped with the proper PPE
•
Knowledgeable on how to locate safety &
health hazards
•
Should have the authority to act and make
recommendations
Job Safety Analysis
Definition:
Process used to:
–
Review Task Methods,
–
Identify Hazards and
–
Develop & Specify Control Measures
The process…
ü Break
a job or task into specific steps
ü Analyze
each step for hazardous conditions & unsafe practices
ü Develop
preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards
ü Integrate
preventive measures into training & SOP’S
WHY?
n Individuals
are given training in safe, efficient procedures
n Reduce
costs
n “Pre-job”
instructions are given on irregular jobs
n Leads
to recommended action or procedure to perform the job safely
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
n Part
of a series of protection controls:
1. Engineering (example: installation of an exhaust
system over a machine producing hazardous vapors)
2. Administrative (example: rotating people through a certain
job function)
3. PPE (example: leather gloves, safety shoes)
PPE Requirements
•
Must be kept in serviceable condition:
- No rips/tears/cuts
- Adjustment straps in place/usable
- Viewing lenses not overly-scratched
- Not deformed or misshaped
•
Training must be provided and documented
(includes equipment-specific training).
•
Hazard assessment must be conducted
and certified in writing.
Hazard Assessment
•
Employers must assess the workplace to determine
if hazards requiring PPE use are present or likely to be present.
•
If hazards requiring PPE are found or are
likely, employers must:
- Select and have affected employees use
appropriate PPE,
- Inform affected employees as to which
PPE was selected,
- Select PPE that properly fits each affected
employee.
Hazard Assessment Form
Types of PPE
•
Eye (example: safety glasses)
•
Face (example: face shield)
•
Head (example: hard hat)
•
Ear (example: ear plugs)
•
Hand (example: rubber gloves)
•
Foot (example: safety shoes)
•
Body (example: rubber apron)
•
Respiratory (example: respirator)
Housekeeping
• Workplaces
must be kept
clean, orderly and
sanitar
sanitar
• Workroom floors must be
maintained as clean and
dry as possible
maintained as clean and
dry as possible
Housekeeping Tips
• Immediately
clean up anything
on the floor that creates a slip
hazard: water, grease, paper,
dust or other debris
on the floor that creates a slip
hazard: water, grease, paper,
dust or other debris
• Keep walkways clear of boxes
and other obstructions
and other obstructions
• Close cabinets used for storage
when not in use
when not in use
• Never block fire exits or fire equipment
• Make
sure stacked materials do
not impede vision
not impede vision
• Don’t store items in or on
electrical panels or control
boxes
electrical panels or control
boxes
• Pick up and store tools in their
proper location immediately
after use
proper location immediately
after use
• Keep ventilation systems clear
of dust and debris and stored
materials
of dust and debris and stored
materials
• Make
sure receptacles for waste
and debris are conveniently
located
and debris are conveniently
located
• Remove combustible waste
often to minimize the fire
hazard
often to minimize the fire
hazard
• Set a good example for other
employees by maintaining good
housekeeping in your work area
employees by maintaining good
housekeeping in your work area
Definition
Incident Investigation
•
Organized process using written procedures
that are applied every time an incident
occurs regardless of its severity.
Who – What – When - Where – How &
Why
Incident Definition
An unplanned & uncontrolled event
that led to, or could have led to injury to persons, damage to
property/plant/equipment, impairment to the environment or some other loss to
the company
Purpose
v
Assist workers’ comp claims process
v
Be the “eyes and ears” in the field
v
Gather facts on-site
v
Preserve evidence that may be lost over time
v
Determine cause of the incident
v
Identify ways to prevent incidents from
recurring
Incident Causes
v Task
v Material
v Environment
v Personnel
v Management
Incident Prevention
•
Control measures
–
Safety procedures/work instructions
–
Adequate training
–
Effective communications
–
Good housekeeping
–
Guards/safety devices/warning signs
–
Regular safety inspections
–
Risk Assessment
Incidents
What Incidents Should be
Investigated?
•
Serious or Disabling
•
Minor (First Aid) injuries
•
Property damage
•
“Near-miss” incidents
Investigations
Who should do the investigation????
- First Line supervisor
- Safety Committee
- Safety Director / Safety Person
- All of the above
- A combination of the above
What is the Investigator’s Role?
•
Do:
–
Go to the incident site
–
Investigate and document the cause
–
Document supervisor and witnesses
–
Preserve the evidence
–
Gather the facts
–
Conduct formal interviews
–
Give advice
–
Guidelines for Investigators
Agency investigator should:
Ø Survey,
secure and document the site
Ø Identify
the cause
Ø Look
for contributory hazards
Ø Report
conclusions and recommendations
Investigative Techniques
•
INVESTIGATE IMMEDIATELY!
•
Don’t assume anything-obtain all possible facts
•
Preserve the evidence
•
Take photographs of the site
•
Take measurements and diagram if necessary
Interview Techniques
•
Some dos
DO…
- Put upset witnesses at ease
- Emphasize reason for investigation
- Let witnesses talk, while you listen
- Confirm you have the statement correct
- Make short notes only during interview
- Express appreciation
Some DON’Ts
DO NOT…
- Intimidate witnesses
- Interrupt
- Prompt
- Ask leading questions
- Listen to ‘hearsay’ evidence
- Make lengthy notes while witness is talking
- Investigation
- The Six-Step Process:
Tool Kit
- Disposable color camera w/flash
- Clipboard w/pens & pencils
- Graph paper
- Chalk/yellow plastic tape
- Ruler and/or tape measure
- Tape (scotch, masking, duct)
- Tape recorder
- ID tag
- Flashlight
- PPE (gloves, safety glasses, etc.)
- Incident checklist
- Interview statement form
- Company’s policy & procedure
Incident Investigation
Root Cause
The Root Cause is the initiating
event. Take that away and the sequence of events that follows does not happen
What is the initiating event in this
picture?
The Real Cost of
Accidents
•
The Real costs rarely get calculated
•
They rarely get mentioned
•
Most discussions of accident costs stop with the
impact to the company
•
Destroys families
•
Divorce
•
Suicide
•
Financial Ruin
•
Kids get in trouble
•
Impact on Society (social security?)
•
Impact on Co-workers
Preserve the Evidence
Evidence is data, which helps to prove the event
•
Decide what evidence is important
•
Immediate photographs are critical
•
The site could change the next day and evidence
would be lost
·
Also read
these post
Photographs
•
Why are photographs so important
–
Support facts
–
Document scene
–
Become the “eyes” for people not in the field
–
May be required if litigated
–
Photo or Video
•
Defects and Hazards
•
Unusual Conditions
•
Conditions that differ from what the employee
describes
•
Areas or furniture in need of
maintenance
•
Housekeeping issues
Documentation
•
Document information you hear
•
Document the scene through photographs,
sketches, written descriptions, video recordings
•
Personal Factor Warning Signs
•
Death of spouse
•
Marital separation
•
Personal injury/illness
•
Change in financial state
•
Change in work
•
Foreclosure of loan
•
Son/daughter leaves home
•
Change in work hours
•
Change in social activity
•
Poor overall morale
•
Fatigue
•
Drinking/drugs
Supervisor Safety Course supervisors & Managers have the front-line responsibility to protect workers and keep the workplace safe in this post we are guiding you from full supervisor safety course.
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