Types of Shallow Foundation

Types of Shallow foundation In this post we will discuss with you that what is mean by shallow foundation with diagram and Types of Shallow foundation. Shallow foundation which conveys the load of building close to surface to ground. We will discuss in detail of all Types of Shallow foundation.

what is Shallow foundation ?

Foundation which conveys the load of building close to surface to ground  

 Shallow Foundation buildings are of many types as follow

·         Spread foundation

·         Grillage foundation

·         Stepped foundation

·         Raft foundation

·         Inverted arch foundations

Spread foundation

Spread foundation can be constructed for walls and columns . shared foundation can be made for two or more columns.

Wall footing

In this foundation ,width of wall is step increased to width of foundation . in case of masoning of brick , 5cm is increased in every direction in each step.in case of concrete , generally 15cm is increased . the base is generally made of thin layer of concrete in case of masoning of stones , width of wall is increased with respect  to type of stone and masonary.

·         Isolated footing for C.

Separate foundation are built for each column with respect to its weight . this foundation will be better in circumstances where columns are situated ate distance from each other and they bear less loadon them. These foundation are constructed with brick or stone . now a day , these foundation are constructed with concrete in which foundation are constructed with concrete in which foundation is gradually spread to complete width.

·         Cantilever footing

This foundation is alike shared footing . the foundation is generally constructed of R.C.C this foundation will be constructed in case in which its is intended to make wall or columns from already made wall towards  another close columns . Columns of this foundation can be similar  and can different size with respect to weight . this foundation is also called strap footing.

·         Continuous footing .

If columns of building are coming in one longer liner  then it will be desirable to make one beam and construct  columns over it instead of constructing separate footing . this type of foundation is called continuous footing .

·        2. Grillage Foundation .

Grillage foundation is foundation which is constructed  in piace where ground is werk and load of building work on one points. These foundations can be of wood and and steel. In order construct this type of foundation , lower tier of girders with required length and and width is laoid. These griders are tightened together with tie bar. Subsequently  upper tier of girders are laid vertically over lower tier. Then these griders are filed with thin concrete (16:8:1) surrounding of foundation close to floor is filled with thick concrete (4:2:1) in order floor can get required strength . column of steel, column of masonary or RCC is designed and constructed over laer of girders. This type of foundations are suitable for heavier building e.g. factories or footing .

·        3. Stepped Foundations

A Foundaion constructed in a series of steps that approximate the slope of the bearing stratum. The purpose is to avoid horizontal force vectors that might cause sliding stepped foundation  require no more thab creating form which step down in the dimensions you desire. Two special notes thoughts. Bend rebar(heat slowly and bend slowly) to conform to the step down , and , pour the lowest portion of the foundation first then screw sown a plywood lid over the lower form, before pouring the higher step up portion.

·         Raft foundation

A raft foundation consists of a raft of reinforced concrete under the whole of a building.

This types of foundations is described as raft in the sense that the concrete raft is cast on the surface  of the ground which support it, as water does a raft ,and the foundation is not fixedby foundation carried down in to the sub soil. Raft foundation may be used for building on compressiable ground such as softy clay,alluvial deposits and compressible fill materiel where strip pad or pile foundation would not provide a stable foundation without excessive excavation. The rein forced Concrete raft is designed to transmit the whole load of the building form the raft to the ground where the small spread loads will cause little if any appreciable settlement the two type of raft foundation commonly used are the raft  and the wide  toe raft .

·         Inverted arch foundation

Inverted arch  footing foundation is used to be provided for multi storied building olden times. However ,with the advent of reinforced cement  concrete construction practice, inverted arch  footing is really done these days. One of the drawbacks in this types of constructions in that the end piles have to be specially strengthened by buttresses to avoid the arch thrust tending to rapture the pier junction. However, the advantage of inverted arch construction is that in soft soils the pier junction. However the advantaged the foundation consisting of inverted arches between the pier is called inverted ach foundation

Types of Shallow foundation In this post we will discuss with you that what is mean by shallow foundations with diagram and Types of Shallow foundation. Shallow foundation which conveys the load of building close to surface to ground. We will discuss in detail of all Types of Shallow foundation.