Pkosha course
Effective Safety Committee Operations
Goal: Understand the requirements of effective safety committee operations.
This
material, or any other material used to inform employers of compliance
requirements of OSHA standards through simplification
of the regulations should not be considered a substitute for any provisions of
the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by
OSHA. The information in this
publication is intended for training purposes only.
Safety Operations
Form Safety Committees
•
Introductions
•
Elect
a Chairperson
•
Select
a Spokesperson
•
Everyone
is a Recorder
•
Understanding the Purpose of the Safety Committee
•
The
primary purpose of a safety committee is to bring workers and management
together in a non-adversarial, cooperative effort to assist the employer in
making improvements to the safety management system.
• Safety Role, Purpose, Processes, and Function
•
The
role we play –
Leader, counselor, coach, supervisor, owner.
Determines expectations and purpose.
•
Purpose
- the intended outcome towards which a person or
group strives.
•
Process
- the means and methods used to achieve the
intended purpose.
•
Function
– the
actual outcome. Determined by how well
we design and carry out processes, fulfill our purposes, and play our
role. An ineffective safety committee
may “function” to hurt rather than help the employer manage an effective safety
program.
•
•
What is the role of the safety committee?
•
•
The
most effective safety committees play the role of a
•
Consultant
not a Cop!
•
•
Process: Forming the Safety Committee
•
Safety
Committee Formation and Membership
•
An
effective safety committee should be composed of an number of employer and
employee representatives. Employee representatives should be volunteers or should
be elected by their peers. When agreed upon by workers and management, the
number of employee representatives on the committee should be greater than the
number of employer representatives. The
chairperson should be elected by the committee members.
•
Why is it crucial that safety committee members
either volunteer or be elected?
•
Why is it important that the chairperson be
elected?
•
What are some causes for a lack of safety committee
involvement?
•
Discuss some strategies to get employees breaking
down the door to be active members of the safety committee?
•
Commitment
= Time and Money
•
Management
commitment to workplace health and safety.
•
The
employer can best demonstrate commitment to the safety committee by allocating
time and money so that the safety committee can meet, be trained, and conduct
its important activities. The safety
committee should hold regular meetings at least once a month.
•
Ten
Keys to an Effective Safety Committee Meeting
•
Purpose: Create a Culture of Consequences
•
We
do what we do because of consequences!
•
Natural
consequences. Hurt or
health to the employee and employer.
Injury, accident costs, morale, productivity. We are punished or rewarded by what we
do.
•
System
consequences. Discipline or recognition/reward. The employee and employer experience these
consequences from another person or organization. Disciplinary action, OSHA penalties are
examples. We are punished or rewarded
for what we do.
Positive
Reinforcement. When effective, increase mandatory and
discretionary behavior.
•
Pay,
benefits, recognition, reward
•
Employee
performs to receive the consequence
•
Employee
may perform far beyond minimum standards
•
Focus
is on excellence - success based
•
What
do you hear from employees?
ü “If you report a hazard, I will make
sure you’re recognized.”
ü “If you prevent an injury or save
money, you will be rewarded.”
Negative
Reinforcement. When effective, increases required
behavior only.
•
Discipline,
punishment,
•
Employee
performs to avoid the consequence - fear based
•
Employee
performs to minimum standard - just enough to get by
•
This
strategy can work if the goal is only compliance
•
What
do you hear from employees?
ü “If you wear that eye protection, you
won’t get injured.”
ü “If you comply with safety rules, you
won’t be disciplined.”
Absence
of consequences
- Withdrawal of positive consequences results in extinction of discretionary
behaviors. Withdrawal of negative
consequences result in extinction of required behaviors.
•
No
expectation of positive or negative consequences
•
Employee
is ignored - no relationship with management is established
•
Initially,
the employee will work harder in the hope of receiving positive consequence -
then gives up
•
What
do you hear from employees?
ü “It doesn’t matter how hard I work
around here.”
ü “Apathy is rampant, but who cares.”
ü “Hey, we can get away with anything
around here!”
ü “If management doesn't care…why should
I?”
•
Process:
Evaluate the Safety & Health Program
•
The
safety committee should assist the employer in evaluating the employer's
accident and illness prevention program, and should make written
recommendations to improve the program where applicable.
•
Where do we look for clues that the safety
committee is effectively fulfilling it's role and purposes?
•
“Every
system is designed perfectly to produce what it’s producing”
•
Process:
Evaluate the Accountability System
•
The
safety committee should evaluate the employer’s accountability system and make
recommendations to implement supervisor and employee accountability for safety
and health.
•
Accountability
=
•
Performance
+ Evaluation 4 Consequences
•
Evaluation
Checklist.
•
1. Formal standards and expectations.
•
2. Resources to meet/exceed expectations.
•
3. A system of measurement.
•
4. Effective consequences.
•
5. Appropriate application of Consequences.
•
6. Evaluation of the accountability system.
•
Exercise: Accountability establishes obligation
•
Determine
appropriate actions in each of the following scenarios.
•
Process: Increasing Employee Involvement
•
The
committee should establish a system to allow the members to obtain
safety-related suggestions, reports of hazards, or other information directly
from all persons involved in the operations of the workplace.
•
What works to get employees and management
motivated to submit suggestions?
•
Involvement in safety committees can vary
greatly. What are the factors that
create high levels of participation in safety committee activities?
•
To
be effective, recognition should be …
•
Soon
•
Certain
•
Significant
•
Sincere
•
Exercise: Perceiving the problem
•
Read
the following scenario and complete each assignment.
•
What conditions and behaviors lead you to believe
there is a problem?
•
How would you solve one or more of the problems
you've identified above?
•
Process:
Safety Committee Training
•
What are the minimum requirements for safety
committee training?
•
All
safety committee members should receive training based upon the type of business
activity the company is engaged in. At a minimum, members should receive
training regarding hazard identification and control and incident/accident
analysis procedures.
•
To
be most effective as a consultant group and "profit center activity,"
safety committees should also be trained in other subjects to help them solve
problems and provide useful information to management.
•
List education and training topics, implied above,
that will help the safety committee operate as a successful problem-solving
team.
•
Draw a line from each term in the left column with
it’s purpose in the right column.
•
Process: Identifying Hazards
•
The
safety committee should establish procedures for workplace inspections by
employees and supervisors. The safety
committee should also create an inspection team to locate and identify safety
and health hazards through regular workplace inspections.
•
It
takes a hazard and someone exposed to the hazard to produce an accident.
•
Hazard + Exposure a Accident
What is a
"hazard?"
An unsafe workplace condition or practice that
could cause injury or illness to an employee.
What's a
condition…practice?
How can an employee
become a "hazardous condition"?
What is “Exposure?”
•
Physical
exposure - generally arm’s length
•
Environmental
exposure - could be everyone in facility.
Hazard
Categories
1. Acceleration.
2. Vibration/Noise.
3. Toxics.
4. Radiation.
5. Ergonomics.
6. Pressure.
7. Mechanical.
8. Heat/Temperature.
9. Flammability/Fire.
10.
Explosives.
11.
Electrical
contact.
12.
Chemical
reactions.
13.
Biologicals.
Four
general processes to identify hazards
1. Informal and formal observations
2. Walkaround inspections
3. Job hazard analysis
4. Incident/Accident analysis
2. 1. Informal and Formal Observation
Strategies
3. Who should
be involved in conducting informal observations?
4. What about
formal observation programs? Do they
work?
5. What does a
simple observation program look like?
6. How should
observers respond to hazardous conditions or unsafe behaviors?
2.
Walkaround Inspections: Uncovering controllable hazards
How
to develop an effective inspection checklist.
•
Determine
applicable state safety & health rules for the workplace.
•
Review
rules and use those you feel apply to your workplace.
•
Develop
applicable checklist questions that are not addressed in the rules.
•
Why is the walkaround inspection ineffective in
identifying the causes of most accidents?
•
How do we overcome this weakness in the inspection
process?
•
To be most effective, who should be involved in the
inspection process?
•
Report
Identified Hazards
•
Watch
your language. Is the report considered
a “concern” or a “complaint?”
•
Keep
the process simple. How can we do that?
•
Recognize
employees who report hazards. Soon,
certain, significant, sincere
How can we most effectively recognize employees for
reporting hazards?
Writing
Effective Inspection Reports
1. The Background/Introduction
section briefly outlines:
2. The Findings
section give information about:
3.
The Recommendations
section provides:
4. The Conclusion/Summary
section summarizes:
3. Conducting the Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
Step
1. Watch the job being done
Step
2. Break the job down into steps
Step
3. Analyze each step for hazards
Step
4. Develop safe procedures for each step
Step
5. Write a safe work procedure for the
job
Why is it important to involve the employee?
Points
to remember
4. Incident/Accident Analysis
Steps
for conducting an incident/accident analysis
Step
1 - Secure the accident scene
Step
2 - Collect facts about what happened
Step
3 - Determine the sequence of events
Step
4 - Determine the causes
Step
5 - Recommend improvements
Step
6 - Write the report
Safety Operations
What’s the difference between an incident
and an accident?
What two key conditions must exist before an accident occur?
H__________
and E________
What causes the most accidents?
What is the difference between accident
investigation and accident
analysis?
Direct
Cause of Injury
The
direct cause is always a harmful transfer of energy
Energy
may take the form of:
Acoustic
- excessive noise and vibration
ü Chemical - corrosive, toxic, flammable, or
reactive substances
ü Electrical
- low/high voltage, current
ü Kinetic - energy transferred from impact
ü Mechanical -
associated with components that move
ü Potential - involves "stored energy"
in objects that are under pressure
ü Radiant -
ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
ü Thermal - excessive heat, extreme cold.
§ Safety engineers attempt to eliminate
or reduce sources of harmful energy
§ Surface Causes of the Accident
§ They are specific/unique hazardous
conditions and/or unsafe actions
§ They may directly produce or
indirectly contribute to the accident
§ They May exist/occur at any time and
at any place in the organization
§ They may involve the actions of the
victim and/or others
§ They may or may not be controllable by
management
§ Root Causes of the Accident
§ Implementation weaknesses - Failure to
effectively carry out safety policies, programs, plans, processes, procedures,
practices
§ Design weaknesses - Failure to
effectively develop safety policies, programs, plans, processes, procedures,
practices
§ Exist prior to surface causes
§ Result in common or repeated hazards
§ Under control of management
§ Failure can occur anytime, anywhere
§ Analyze to Determine Risk
Probability
• Low
•
Medium
•
High
Severity
o Other Than Serious
o Serious Physical Harm
o Death.
§ Team
Exercise: List factors that will
increase the probability and severity of an injury.
§ Process: Help the Employer Control Hazards
§ The safety committee should assist the
employer in evaluating the employer's safety management system, and should make
written recommendations to improve safety programs where applicable.
Engineering Controls
Management Controls 
§ Why are
engineering controls considered superior to management controls?
§ Control hazards with effective
education and training
§ Why is it
important to educate as well as train all employees?
§ How do we
know safety education and training has been effective?
Effective
Maintenance Processes
What two general types of maintenance processes are
needed?
1. Preventive maintenance to make sure
equipment and machinery operates safely and smoothly.
2. Corrective maintenance to make sure
equipment and machinery gets back into safe operation quickly.
How can we make sure corrective maintenance is
completed quickly?
Hazard
Tracking Procedures
Documentation
is important because:
•
It
keeps management and safety staff aware of the status of long-term correction
items;
•
It
provides a record of what occurred, should the hazard reappear at a later date;
and
•
It
provides timely and accurate information that can be supplied to an employee
who reported the hazard.
•
XYZ Hazard Tracking Log
Safety Operations
Periodic
evaluation
Team
Exercise: Discuss the processes your organization uses
to evaluate the safety management system.
Continual
improvement
Consider
how the change you propose will impact all elements of the safety management
system.
Effective
safety management system models include these eight critical elements:
1. Top Management Commitment
2. Labor and Management Accountability
3. Employee Involvement
4. Hazard Identification and Control
5. Incident/Accident Analysis
6. Education and Training
7. Periodic Evaluation
8. Continuous Improvement
Safety Operations
Successful
change requires effective design and implementation
What will be the result if a change is not designed
effectively?
What will be the result if a change is not
implemented effectively?
Process:
Writing Effective Recommendations
The
safety committee should recommend to the employer how to eliminate hazards and
unsafe work practices in the workplace by writing and carrying out effective
safety plans, policies, procedures and rules.
The safety committee should establish procedures to review all safety
and health inspection reports made by the committee. Based on the results of
the review, the committee should make recommendations for improvement of the
employer's safety management system.
What are safety committee recommendations suppose
to improve?
A sample recommendation
Before
you run…let’s review
Safety Operations
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