Regulator Works For Irrigation Controlling

Irrigation Today i am writing about the Regulator Works as you know that last time i published a post about the R.C.C structure some of my website viewers comment about to make a guide about Regulator Works on total station. So i make a simple and easy post about in which i explain you all about Regulator Work with diagram .

Regulator Works For Irrigation Controlling

Regulation works;-
Regulation works are construction made at canal for sake of its protection and enhancement of its performance. These works are as following types.

1. Head Regulator
2. Cross Regulator
3. Canal Fall
4. Outlet
5. Flume

Head Regulator ;-
Head regulator is a structure at the head of canal taking off from a reservoir and may consist of number of spans separated by pier and operated by gated .Regulators are normally aligned at 90 degree to the weir .Head regulator up to 10’’ are considered preferable for smooth entry in to canal. These are used for diversion of flow. Silt reduces carriage capacity of flow .Sluice gates are opened and allow excess of the canal requirement.
Figure is given below .

Cross Regulator;-
A cross regulator is a structure constructed across an canal to regulate the water level in the canal upstream of itself and the discharge passing downstream of it for one or more of the purposes .Across regulator is generally provided downstream of an off taking channel so that the water level upstream of the regulator can be raised . Whenever necessary , to enable the off taking channel draw its required is essential for all irrigation system which supply. The need of cross regulator is essential for all irrigation therefore require to provide full supplies to the distributaries even if the parent channel is carrying low supplies. Cross regulators may be combined with bridges and falls for economic  and other special consideration.
Canal Fall ;-
Generally the slope of he natural ground surface is not uniform throughout the alignment sometimes the found surface may be steep and sometimes it may be very irregular with abrupt change of grade. In such cases, a vertical drop is provided to step down the canal bed and then it is continued with permissible slope until another step down necessary .This is done to avoid unnecessary huge earth work in filling. Such vertical drops are called canal fall. When the slope of the ground suddenly changes to steeper slope the permissible bed slope cannot be maintained. It requires excessive earth work in filling to maintain the slope .In such a case falls are provided to avoid excessive earth work infilling .When the slope of the ground is more or less uniform and the slope . In such a case falls are provided to avoid excessive earth work in filling. When the slope of the ground is more or less uniform and the slope is greater than the permissible bed slope and canal . In that incase also the canal falls are necessary . In cross drainage works .When the difference between bed level of canal and that of drainage is small or when the F.S.L of the canal is above the bed level of drainage then the canal fall is necessary to carry the canal water below the stream or drainage.
Figure is given below.

Out let;-( I will explain you another post of this article )
Outlet is a structure which is constructed over distributes bank at start of water course. Outlet helps in inclusion of water from canal in to water course. Distributes and outlets are owned by the government and system of water course is organised by the farmers that are utilized by them. General Types of outlet are as follow.
Pipe Outlet
Open Flume Outlet
A.P.M Outlet

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Flume ;-
Flume means making the path narrow. In irrigation width of canal is narrowed and then maintained to the actual width after some distance .This type of construction is so often known as masonry flume. Flume is generally constructed to determine the magnitude of water discharge of canal.

Important parts of flume are as follow
Convergent flume
Throat
Divergent flume
There are two major types of flumes 
Venture flume
Standing wave flume

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